Character(s) | Meaning |
---|---|
; | separate commands |
( ) | group commands |
| | pipe stdout to stdin |
|& | pipe stderr and stdout to stdin |
&& | execute next command only if previous one is successful |
|| | execute next command only if previous one fails |
& | execute in background |
alias | display the list of currently defined aliases and their meanings | |
alias name | display the definition of alias name | |
alias name wordlist | define alias name to be wordlist. Use history commands to pass arguments (e.g., !* is all the arguments and !^ is the first argument) | |
dirs | display the directory stack (BSD) | |
eval arg | read the argument list and executes the arguments in the current shell. This allows the generation of commands using variable or filename expansion; normally parsing occurs before this expansion | |
exec cmd | execute cmd without forking a new shell (UNIX overlays current shell with cmd). | |
foreach name (wordlist) ... end | set variable name to each value in wordlist and executes the ... commands between the foreach and matching end statement using this value of name | |
glob wordlist | display wordlist using history, variable and filename expansion.
Puts a null character between words and does not include a carriage return at the end | |
hashstat | display statistics indicating how successful the hash table has been at locating commands (BSD) | |
history | display the history list | |
history n | display the last n lines of the history list (BSD) | |
history -r n | like history n, but in reverse order (BSD) | |
history -h n | like history n, but leaving off the event numbers (BSD) | |
if (expr) ... | conditional statement: execute following command only if expr evaluates true | |
limit | list all currently imposed resource limits (BSD) | |
limit rsc | list the current limit for resource rsc | |
limit rsc max_use | set a limit of max_use for rsc for each individual process (and any subprocesses) | |
login | terminate the login shell and invokes the program /bin/login (BSD) | |
logout | terminate the login shell. This command must be used if ignoreeof is set | |
nohup | ignore the hangup signal in the current shell | |
nohup cmd | ignore the hangup signal for cmd | |
popd | pop the top directory off the directory stack and changes directories to the new top (BSD) | |
popd + n | pop the nth directory off the directory stack (BSD) | |
pushd | exchange the top two directories and changes directories to the new top (BSD) | |
pushd dir | put directory dir on the directory stack and changes to it (BSD) | |
pushd + n | put the nth directory on the top and changes to it (BSD) | |
rehash | rebuild the internal hash table (like source ~/.cshrc it updates the list of known executables in $path) | |
repeat count cmd | repeat cmd count times | |
set | display the list of currently defined C shell variables and their values | |
set name[n] = word | set (the nth word of) name to the single word word | |
set name = (wordlist) | set the variable name to wordlist | |
setenv name | set the environment variable name to the null string | |
setenv name value | set environment variable name to value | |
sleep n | suspend execution for an interval of n seconds | |
source name | execute C shell script name in the current shell Bourne shell equivalent: . name |
|
source -h name | read commands from script name and places them in the current history list without executing them (BSD) | |
time | display a summary of the time used by the current shell and its children. | |
time cmd | display a summary of the time used by executing cmd | |
umask | display the current value for umask. | |
umask value | set the value of umask to value, UNIX uses the umask value
to set the permissions for newly created files and directories to the
inverse value of umask umask 022 will result in 755 for executables or directories and in 644 for plain files |
|
unalias pattern | remove all alias definitions matched by pattern | |
unhash | disable use of the internal hash table | |
unlimit | remove all resource limitations (BSD) | |
unlimit rsc | remove limitations for rsc | |
unset[env] pattern | release all (environment) variables matched by pattern | |
wait | wait for all background jobs to complete. This command can be interrupted | |
while (expr) ... end | as long as expr evaluates to nonzero, the C shell executes the commands between the while and matching end statements | |
@ | display the values of all C shell variables | |
@ name[n] = expr | set the (nth word of) variable name to value of
expr; expr can contain numeric operators. Do not forget the blank behind @! |